Four Steps for Business Analysis Essay

4. Four stages for business examination are talked about in the section (procedure investigation, bookkeeping examination, budgetary investigation, and imminent investigation). As a budgetary investigators, clarify why every one of these means is a basic an aspect of your responsibilities and how they identify with each other? Answers: a. Business Strategy Analysis This investigation is help chiefs to recognize key benefit driver and technique chance. Business procedure examination incorporates investigating a firm’s technique and its methodology so as to make serious system. Most directors set corporate objectives and afterward begin to detail the methodologies that help to accomplish those objectives. Anyway the most basic is the means by which two major issues is the association in moving toward the key administration. To start with, most business are participate in concerns and have set in specific exercises that are a reflection from choice made previously. Second, chiefs are enticed to take part in a key of the firm without understanding the wellbeing of their current technique. This can make another issue for present technique. After demonstrate a technique procedure complete, the chief at that point can survey the nature of the methodology. b. Bookkeeping Analysis The reason for this investigation is to assess bookkeeping quality framework in an organization by evaluating of the dependability, practicality, and benefit of a business or a venture. A bookkeeping examination completed by experts who realize how to get ready reports and how to utilization of data acquired from fiscal reports and different reports. One of the key zones of bookkeeping investigation is to finish up of company’s past execution into a gauge of future execution. Bookkeeping investigation is incorporates of ascertaining proportions from the information to contrast and different organizations. c. Budgetary Analysis This investigation is use to compute the speculation estimation of a business, stock or other resource. There are two significant aptitudes need identified with monetary investigation. First the investigation must be orderly and proficient. Second, permit the investigation to utilize money related information to investigate organization issues. Money related examination can assist a financial specialist with getting abundance of data about an organization. Knowing connection among proportions and what the capacity for future are critical to decide future achievement. Fiscal reports are basic for business since this can assist the board with finding data and information for financial specialist. d. Planned Analysis This examination is center around anticipating investigation of future money related data of an organization and the last advance from business examination. The key zones in this investigation are anticipating pay articulation and anticipating the accounting report. The most significant component is the determining of the income development. This depends on PEST investigation; industry examination; far reaching examination. Estimating must be exhaustive including every single fiscal report. The key ought to be the key estimates, for example, deals development, ROE, and profit. 3 Questions for conversation 1. What is the greatest impact after Dot-Com crash in 2000 for financial specialists? 2. What are the essential factors that prompted the eruption of the Internet bubble? 3. What is the diverse between purchase side investigators and sell side examiners?

bedroom Essay Example For Students

room Essay There is nothing all the more consoling to me then the unpretentious environmental factors of my room. The floor is pale but then loaded with surface, mauve shaded rug covers the floor needing vacuuming because of the bits of fluff and scraps that dot its comfortable surface. In a variety of gleam and semi-shine, shades of grayish spread these four dividers and their baseboards dotted distinctly by a periodic paint chip or blurred unique finger impression. My beds sheets and covers are unsettled and in desperate need of being fixed. Two pads rest at the furthest edge, they are secured by cases made of cerulean fabric. This shading structures a lovely coordinating stand out from the darker blues that clearly bargain the shading of the comforter. There is a TV stand simply past the foot of the bed, its earthy colored wooden completion seems to have been arbitrarily recolored with a combination of tidies and the syrup of soft drinks left upon its surface throughout the years. Upon it re sts a 27-inch shading TV, with specked speaker gaps cut out of its front. Strangely, two video tapes sit close to the TV, however there is not a single video tape player to be found. I hear the whistle of a dishwasher close by in the kitchen and every so often the pop of giggling or the mumble of discussion will contact me from another room. As I breathe in, I can smell the transitory fragrance of blend splashes, their particular flavor obscure. In my bed, I smell the toasty warmth of recently dried sheets and by my TV, my nose can detect the exhalation of electronic residue. This urges me to investigate another room in the house and inspires me to put down my cracked ball-point, to rise, and to consider the other fantastic encounters that anticipate my four detects.

100 Must-Read Books About The History of Medicine

100 Must-Read Books About The History of Medicine A friend of mine, in his third of fourth year of med school at the time, once told me that doctors are just highly paid mechanics. I dont think thats quite true because our bodies are more than machines, theyre how we experience the world.  The history of medicine therefore touches on a lot more than the facts of anatomy and physiology. Bodies are subject to law, culture, desire, politics, and more.  The maintenance of bodies always intersects with other, bigger questions. I got interested in the history of medicine because I wanted to  understand the dynamic, complicated, emotional, and often unspoken relationship between science, culture, and politics. The books below all grapple with these issues. Plus, theres more than a little blood and guts (hey, its not all big ideas about the nature of existence). A few notes about this list. Like always, its idiosyncratic. Im an historian of American health and medicine, so the list is very focused on the US in the 19th and 20th centuries. Even the texts that look outside the US tend to focus on Europe and go back only to Ancient Greece. Additionally, Ive mostly ignored non-western healing traditions. There is a ton of great writing on the history of  Ayurvedic medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, and other healing practices  but that will need to wait for another list. To keep this to 100 books, I pretty narrowly focused on the history of scientific (or allopathic) medicine. I love reading historical fiction that features doctors, so I included a handful  of my favorites. To be clear about which books are fiction, I marked them with an asterisk (*). Lets get to it! *The Alienist: A Novel (Dr. Lazlo Kreizler Book 1) by Caleb Carr: The year is 1896, the place, New York City. On a cold March night New York Times reporter John Schuyler Moore is summoned to the East River by his friend and former Harvard classmate Dr. Laszlo Kreizler, a psychologist, or alienist. Fast-paced and gripping, infused with a historians exactitude, The Alienist is a novel that conjures up the Gilded Age and its untarnished underside. American Pandemic: The Lost Worlds of the 1918 Influenza Epidemic  by Nancy K. Bristow: American Pandemic offers a much-needed corrective to the silence surrounding the 1918 influenza outbreak. It sheds light on the social and cultural history of Americans during the pandemic, uncovering both the causes of the nations public amnesia and the depth of the quiet remembering that endured. And the Band Played On: Politics, People, and the AIDS Epidemic by Randy Shilts: Shilts expose revealed why AIDS was allowed to spread unchecked during the early 80s while the most trusted institutions ignored or denied the threat. One of the few true modern classics, it changed and framed how AIDS was discussed in the following years. Bad Blood: The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment by James H. Jones: Bad Blood  provides compelling answers to the question of how such a tragedy could have been allowed to occur. Tracing the evolution of medical ethics and the nature of decision making in bureaucracies, Jones attempted to show that the Tuskegee Study was not, in fact, an aberration, but a logical outgrowth of race relations and medical practice in the United States. Bellevue: Three Centuries of Medicine and Mayhem at Americas Most Storied Hospital by David Oshinksy: Oshinsky chronicles the history of Americas oldest hospital and in so doing also charts the rise of New York to the nations preeminent city, the path of American medicine from butchery and quackery to a professional and scientific endeavor, and the growth of a civic institution. Bioinsecurities: Disease Interventions, Empire, and the Government of Species  by Neel Ahuja: The book explores efforts to control the spread of Hansens disease, venereal disease, polio, smallpox, and HIV through interventions linking the continental United States to Hawaii, Panamá, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Congo, Iraq, and India in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The Birth of the Pill: How Four Crusaders Reinvented Sex and Launched a Revolution by Jonathan Eig: We know it simply as the pill, yet its genesis was anything but simple. Jonathan Eigs masterful narrative revolves around four principal characters: the fiery feminist Margaret Sanger, Katharine McCormick, Gregory Pincus, and John Rock. Black Man in a White Coat: A Doctors Reflections on Race and Medicine  by Damon Tweedy: In this powerful, moving, and deeply empathic memoir, Tweedy explores the challenges confronting black doctors, and the disproportionate health burdens faced by black patients, ultimately seeking a way forward to better treatment and more compassionate care. Black Women in White: Racial Conflict and Cooperation in the Nursing Profession, 1890-1950  by Darlene Clark Hine: Hine examines the professionalization of black nurses through institutional developments in hospitals, training schools, and nursing organizations. Comparing and contrasting this growth to white counterparts, she explores barriers of race and gender stereotyping. Blood Sugar: Racial Pharmacology and Food Justice in Black America by Anthony Ryan Hatch: Hatch argues that the syndrome represents another, very real crisis and that its advent signals a new form of colorblind scientific racismâ€"a repackaging of race within biomedical and genomic research. Blood Work: A Tale of Medicine and Murder in the Scientific Revolution by Holly Tucker: A riveting exposé of the fierce debates, deadly politics, and cutthroat rivalries behind the first transfusion experiments, Blood Work takes us from dissection rooms in palaces to the streets of Paris, providing an unforgettable portrait of an era that wrestled with the same questions about morality and experimentation that haunt medical science today. Blood: An Epic History of Medicine and Commerce by Douglas Starr: Here is the sweeping story of a substance that has been feared, revered, mythologized, and used in magic and medicine from earliest timesa substance that has become the center of a huge, secretive, and often dangerous worldwide commerce. Bodies of Knowledge: Sexuality, Reproduction, and Womens Health in the Second Wave  by Wendy Kline: In Bodies of Knowledge, Kline considers the ways in which ordinary women worked to position the female body at the center of women’s liberation. Body and Soul: The Black Panther Party and the Fight against Medical Discrimination  by Alondra Nelson: The Black Panther Partys health activismits network of free health clinics, its campaign to raise awareness about genetic disease, and its challenges to medical discriminationwas an expression of its founding political philosophy and also a recognition that poor blacks were both under-served by mainstream medicine and overexposed to its harms. A Body of Work: An Anthology of Poetry and Medicine edited by Corinna Wagner and Andy Brown: This collection  includes poems by writers from the dawn of Enlightenment to the 21st Century and explores changing attitudes to medicine, health and the body. Breathing Race into the Machine: The Surprising Career of the Spirometer from Plantation to Genetics by Lundy Braun: Braun traces the little-known history of the spirometer to reveal the social and scientific processes by which medical instruments have worked to naturalize racial and ethnic differences, from Victorian Britain to today. Bring Out Your Dead: The Great Plague of Yellow Fever in Philadelphia in 1793 by J.H. Powell: In 1793 a disastrous plague of yellow fever paralyzed Philadelphia, killing thousands of residents and bringing the nations capital city to a standstill. In this psychological portrait of a city in terror, J. H. Powell presents a penetrating study of human nature revealing itself. The Butchering Art: Joseph Listers Quest to Transform the Grisly World of Victorian Medicine  by Lindsey Fitzharris: This gripping story reveals the shocking world of nineteenth-century surgery and shows how it was transformed by advances made in germ theory and antiseptics between 1860 and 1875. The Calendar of Loss: Race, Sexuality, and Mourning in the Early Era of Aids by Dagmawi Woubshet: His world view colored by growing up in 1980s Ethiopia, where death governed time and temperament, Dagmawi Woubshet offers a startlingly fresh interpretation of melancholy and mourning during the early years of the AIDS epidemic. The Cancer Journals by Audre Lorde: Moving between journal entry, memoir, and exposition, Audre Lorde fuses the personal and political as she reflects on her experience coping with breast cancer and a radical mastectomy. Choice and Coercion: Birth Control, Sterilization, and Abortion in Public Health and Welfare  by Johanna Schoen: In this book, Schoen situates North Carolinas reproductive politics in a national and global context. Widening her focus to include birth control, sterilization, and abortion policies across the nation, she demonstrates how each method for limiting unwanted pregnancies had the potential both to expand and to limit womens reproductive choices. The Cholera Years: The United States in 1832, 1849, and 1866  by Charles Rosenberg: Carefully documented, full of descriptive detail, yet written with an urgent sense of the drama of the epidemic years, this narrative is as absorbing for general audiences as it is for the medical historian. Classrooms and Clinics: Urban Schools and the Protection and Promotion of Child Health, 1870-1930  by Richard Meckel: This  is the first book-length assessment of the development of public school health policies from the late nineteenth century through the early years of the Great Depression. Contagious divides: epidemics and race in San Franciscos Chinatown  by Nayan Shah: Examining the cultural politics of public health and Chinese immigration in San Francisco, this book looks at the history of racial formation in the U.S. by focusing on the development of public health bureaucracies. Dangerous Pregnancies: Mothers, Disabilities, and Abortion in Modern America by Leslie J. Reagan: Dangerous Pregnancies tells the largely forgotten story of the German measles epidemic of the early 1960s [that] would ultimately transform abortion politics, produce new science, and help build two of the most enduring social movements of the late twentieth centurythe reproductive rights and the disability rights movements. The Deadly Truth: A History of Disease in America  by Gerald Gorb: chronicles the complex interactions between disease and the peoples of America from the pre-Columbian world to the present. Grobs ultimate lesson is stark but valuable: there can be no final victory over disease. The Demon Under the Microscope: From Battlefield Hospitals to Nazi Labs, One Doctors Heroic Search for the Worlds First Miracle Drug  by Thomas Hager: Sulfa: the first antibiotic. In The Demon Under the Microscope, Thomas Hager chronicles the dramatic history of the drug that shaped modern medicine. Dissection: Photographs of a Rite of Passage in American Medicine 1880-1930  edited by John Harley Warner and James M. Edmonson: From the advent of photography in the 19th and into the 20th century, medical students, often in secrecy, took photographs of themselves with the cadavers that they dissected: their first patients. Featuring 138 of these historic photographs and illuminating essays by two experts on the subject, Dissection reveals a startling piece of American history. Doctor Daniel Hale Williams in Twas the Night of a Miracle  by Karen Clopton-Dunson: In the picture book, Doctor Daniel Hale Williams in Twas the Night of a Miracle, the author playfully retells the events that lead to the first successful open heart surgery, performed by Dr. Daniel Hale Williams. Dr. Mutters Marvels: A True Tale of Intrigue and Innovation at the Dawn of Modern Medicine by  Cristin OKeefe Aptowicz: A mesmerizing biography of the brilliant and eccentric medical innovator who revolutionized American surgery and founded the country’s most famous museum of medical oddities. Dying in the City of the Blues: Sickle Cell Anemia and the Politics of Race and Health  by Keith Wailoo: This groundbreaking book chronicles the history of sickle cell anemia in the United States, tracing its transformation from an invisible malady to a powerful, yet contested, cultural symbol of African American pain and suffering. Early Black American Leaders in Nursing: Architects for Integration and Equality by Althea T. Davis: In celebrating the history of the black nursing experience, the author (a RN and EdD) relates the role model-worthy biographies of three Nursing Hall of Fame women: Mary Eliza Mahoney, Martha Minerva Franklin, and Adah Belle Samuels Thoms. The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer  by Siddhartha Mukherjee: [This book]  is a magnificent, profoundly humane “biography” of cancerâ€"from its first documented appearances thousands of years ago through the epic battles in the twentieth century to cure, control, and conquer it to a radical new understanding of its essence. Empire of Care: Nursing and Migration in Filipino American History  by Catherine Ceniza Choy: Empire of Care brings to the fore the complicated connections among nursing, American colonialism, and the racialization of Filipinos. Choy challenges celebratory narratives regarding professional migrants’ mobility by analyzing the scapegoating of Filipino nurses during difficult political times, the absence of professional solidarity between Filipino and American nurses, and the exploitation of foreign-trained nurses through temporary work visas. Examining Tuskegee: The Infamous Syphilis Study and Its Legacy  by Susan M. Reverby: This is a comprehensive analysis of the notorious study of untreated syphilis among African American men, who were told by U. S. Public Health Service doctors that they were being treated, not just watched, for their late-stage syphilis. With rigorous clarity, Reverby investigates the study and its aftermath from multiple perspectives and illuminates the reasons for its continued power and resonance in our collective memory. Extraordinary Bodies: Figuring Physical Disability in American Culture and Literature  by Rosemarie Garland Thomson: This book inaugurates a new field of disability studies by framing disability as a minority discourse rather than a medical one, revising oppressive narratives and revealing liberatory ones. Fasting Girls: The History of Anorexia Nervosa  by Joan Jacobs Brumberg: Fasting Girls, presents a history of womens food-refusal dating back as far as the sixteenth century. Incisive, compassionate, illuminating, Fasting Girls offers real understanding to victims and their families, clinicians, and all women who are interested in the origins and future of this complex, modern and characteristically female disease. Fevered Lives: Tuberculosis in American Culture since 1870  by Katherine Ott: Consider two polar images of the same medical condition: the pale and fragile Camille ensconced on a chaise in a Victorian parlor, daintily coughing a small spot of blood onto her white lace pillow, and a wretched poor man in a Bowery flophouse spreading a dread and deadly infection. Now Katherine Ott chronicles how in one century a romantic, ambiguous affliction of the spirit was transformed into a disease that threatened public health and civic order. Fit to Be Citizens?: Public Health and Race in Los Angeles, 1879-1939 by Natalia Molina: Meticulously researched and beautifully written,  Fit to Be Citizens?  demonstrates how both science and public health shaped the meaning of race in the early twentieth century. *A Free Man of Color (Benjamin January #1) by Barbara Hambly: It is 1833. In the midst of Mardi Gras, Benjamin January, a Creole physician and music teacher, is playing piano at the Salle dOrleans when the evenings festivities are interruptedby murder. The Gene: An Intimate History  by Siddhartha Mukherjee: Weaving science, social history, and personal narrative to tell us the story of one of the most important conceptual breakthroughs of modern times, Mukherjee animates the quest to understand human heredity and its surprising influence on our lives, personalities, identities, fates, and choices. The Genealogical Science: The Search for Jewish Origins and the Politics of Epistemology  by Nadia Abu El-Haj: In this book, Nadia Abu El-Haj examines genetic history’s working assumptions about culture and nature, identity and biology, and the individual and the collective. The Ghost Map: The Story of Londons Most Terrifying Epidemicand How It Changed Science, Cities, and the Modern World by Steven Johnson: A triumph of multidisciplinary thinking. Johnson illuminates the intertwined histories of the spread of disease, the rise of cities, and the nature of scientific inquiry, offering both a riveting history and a powerful explanation of how it has shaped the world we live in. The Great Mortality: An Intimate History of the Black Death, the Most Devastating Plague of All Time   by John Kelly: This is an extraordinary epic account of the worst natural disaster in European history a drama of courage, cowardice, misery, madness, and sacrifice that brilliantly illuminates humankinds darkest days when an old world ended and a new world was born. Health Rights Are Civil Rights: Peace and Justice Activism in Los Angeles, 1963â€"1978  by Jenna Loyd: Health Rights Are Civil Rights tells the story of the important place of health in struggles for social change in Los Angeles in the 1960s and 1970s. Health, Civilization and the State: A History of Public Health from Ancient to Modern Times  by Dorthy Porter: This book examines the social, economic and political issues of public health provision in historical perspective. It outlines the development of public health in Britain, Continental Europe and the United States from the ancient world through to the modern state. Hidden Treasure: The National Library of Medicine by The National Library of Medicine:  Despite more than a century and a half of classification and cataloging, buried in the sheer mass of this collection are wondrous items largely unseen by the public and obscure even to librarians, curators, and historians. A History of Public Health George Rosen: Since publication in 1958, George Rosen’s classic book has been regarded as the essential international history of public health. How to Survive a Plague: The Inside Story of How Citizens and Science Tamed AIDS by David France: A riveting, powerful telling of the story of the grassroots movement of activists, many of them in a life-or-death struggle, who seized upon scientific research to help develop the drugs that turned HIV from a mostly fatal infection to a manageable disease. Illness as Metaphor and AIDS and Its Metaphors  by Susan Sontag: A cancer patient herself when she was writing the book, Sontag shows how the metaphors and myths surrounding certain illnesses, especially cancer, add greatly to the suffering of patients and often inhibit them from seeking proper treatment. The Illness Narratives: Suffering, Healing, And The Human Condition  by Arthur Kleinman: Based on twenty years of clinical experience studying and treating chronic illness, a Harvard psychiatrist and anthropologist argues that diagnosing illness is an art tragically neglected by modern medical training, and presents a compelling case for bridging the gap between patient and doctor. The Illustrations from the Works of Andreas Vesalius of Brussels edited by J. B. deC. M. Saunders and Charles D. OMalley: No other source will provide the general reader, bibliophile, art historian, artist, or historian of science and medicine with such complete data on Vesalius and his fabulous anatomical illustrations. Imbeciles: The Supreme Court, American Eugenics, and the Sterilization of Carrie Buck  by Adam Cohen: One of America’s great miscarriages of justice, the Supreme Court’s infamous 1927 Buck v. Bell ruling made government sterilization of undesirable citizens the law of the land. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks  by Rebecca Skloot: This phenomenal New York Times bestseller tells a riveting story of the collision between ethics, race, and medicine; of scientific discovery and faith healing; and of a daughter consumed with questions about the mother she never knew. Infectious Fear: Politics, Disease, and the Health Effects of Segregation  by Samuel K. Roberts: For most of the first half of the twentieth century, tuberculosis ranked among the top three causes of mortality among urban African Americans. Roberts Jr. examines how individuals and institutionsblack and white, public and privateresponded to the challenges of tuberculosis in a segregated society. Infertility: Tracing the History of a Transformative Term  by Robin E. Jensen: Throughout the last century, the inability of women to conceive children has been explained by discrepant views: that women are individually culpable for their own reproductive health problems, or that they require the intervention of medical experts to correct abnormalities. Killing the Black Body: Race, Reproduction, and the Meaning of Liberty  by Dorthy Roberts: In  Killing the Black Body, Roberts exposes America’s systemic abuse of Black women’s bodies, from slave masters’ economic stake in bonded women’s fertility to government programs that coerced thousands of poor Black women into being sterilized as late as the 1970s. Laboring Women: Gender and Reproduction in New World Slavery by Jennifer Morgan: When black women were brought from Africa to the New World as slave laborers, their value was determined by their ability to work as well as their potential to bear children, who by law would become the enslaved property of the mothers master. In  Laboring Women  Morgan examines for the first time how African womens labor in both senses became intertwined in the English colonies. Learning from the Wounded: The Civil War and the Rise of American Medical Science  by Shauna Devine: Examining the work of doctors who served in the Union Medical Department, Devine sheds new light on how their innovations in the midst of crisis transformed northern medical education and gave rise to the healing power of modern health science. Lifes Work: A Moral Argument for Choice by Willie Parker: An outspoken, Christian reproductive justice advocate and abortion provider (one of the few doctors to provide such services to women in Mississippi and Alabama) pulls from his personal and professional journeys as well as the scientific training he received as a doctor to reveal how he came to believe, unequivocally, that helping women in need, without judgment, is precisely the Christian thing to do. Medical Apartheid: the Dark History of Medical Experimentation on Black Americans from Colonial Times to the Present  by Harriet Washington: Medical Apartheid  reveals the hidden underbelly of scientific research and makes possible, for the first time, an understanding of the roots of the African American health deficit. At last, it provides the fullest possible context for comprehending the behavioral fallout that has caused black Americans to view researchersâ€"and indeed the whole medical establishmentâ€"with such deep distrust. Medicine: The Definitive Illustrated History  from DK: Medicine tells the fascinating story of the discipline, from ancient times to the present day, charting developments in healing, diagnosis, surgery, and drugs in a vividly visual and accessible format. A Midwifes Tale: The Life of Martha Ballard, Based on Her Diary, 1785-1812 by Laurel Thatcher Ulrich: Drawing on the diaries of one woman in eighteenth-century Maine, this intimate history illuminates the medical practices, household economies, religious rivalries, and sexual mores of the New England frontier. The Mold in Dr. Floreys Coat: The Story of the Penicillin Miracle  by Eric Lax: Credit for penicillin is largely misplaced. This book explores why it was the American labs that won patents on penicillins manufacture and drew royalties from its sale. The Morbid Anatomy Anthology edited by Joanna Ebenstein and Colin Dickey: Since 2008, the Morbid Anatomy Library of Brooklyn, New York, has hosted some of the best scholars, artists and writers working along the intersections of the history of anatomy and medicine, death and the macabre, religion and spectacle. Mütter Museum Historic Medical Photographs by the College of Physicians of Philadelphia and edited by Laura Lindgren: This book    contains artful images of the museums fascinating exhibits shot by contemporary fine art photographers. Here, the focus is on the museum’s archive of rare historic photographs, most of which have never been seen by the public. Native American DNA: Tribal Belonging and the False Promise of Genetic Science Kim TallBear: How identifying Native Americans is vastly more complicated than matching DNA  TallBear shows how Native American claims to land, resources, and sovereignty that have taken generations to ratify may be seriouslyâ€"and permanentlyâ€"undermined. Nature Cures: The History of Alternative Medicine in America  by James C. Whorton: Writing with wit and with fairness to all sides, Whorton offers a fascinating look at alternative health systems such as homeopathy, water cures, Mesmerism, Christian Science, osteopathy, chiropractic, naturopathy, and acupuncture. Natures Path: A History of Naturopathic Healing in America  by Susan E. Cayleff: An alternative medical system emphasizing prevention through healthy living, positive mind-body-spirit strength, and therapeutics to enhance the body’s innate healing processes, naturopathy has gained legitimacy in recent years. In  Nature’s Path Cayleff tells the fascinating story of the movement’s nineteenth-century roots. NeuroTribes: The Legacy of Autism and the Future of Neurodiversity  by Steve Silberman: WIRED reporter Steve Silberman unearths the secret history of autism, long suppressed by the same clinicians who became famous for discovering it, and finds surprising answers to the crucial question of why the number of diagnoses has soared in recent years. Noxious New York: The Racial Politics of Urban Health and Environmental Justice  by Julie Sze: Sze analyzes the culture, politics, and history of environmental justice activism in New York City within the larger context of privatization, deregulation, and globalization. On Immunity: An Inoculation  by Eula Biss: In this bold, fascinating book, Eula Biss addresses our fear of the government, the medical establishment, and what may be in our childrens air, food, mattresses, medicines, and vaccines. Our Bodies Belong to God: Organ Transplants, Islam, and the Struggle for Human Dignity in Egypt  by Sherine F. Hamdy: This book analyzes the national debate over organ transplantation in Egypt as it has unfolded during a time of major social and political transformationâ€"including mounting dissent against a brutal regime, the privatization of health care, advances in science, the growing gap between rich and poor, and the Islamic revival. Pain: A Political History  by Keith Wailoo: Tracing the development of pain theories in politics, medicine, and law, and legislative and social quarrels over the morality and economics of relief, Wailoo points to a tension at the heart of the conservative-liberal divide. Patient H.M.: A Story of Memory, Madness, and Family Secrets  by Luke Dittrich: This book  takes readers inside the old asylums and operating theaters where psychosurgeons, as they called themselves, conducted their human experiments, and behind the scenes of a bitter custody battle over the ownership of the most important brain in the world. Polio: An American Story  by David Oshinksy: Polio  tells the gripping story of the polio terror and of the intense effort to find a cure, from the March of Dimes to the discovery of the Salk and Sabin vaccinesand beyond. Pox: An American History by Michael Willrich: The untold story of how Americas Progressive-era war on smallpox sparked one of the great civil liberties battles of the twentieth century. The Prince of Medicine: Galen in the Roman Empire  by Susan P. Mattern: This book gives us Galen as he lived his life, in the city of Rome at its apex of power and decadence, among his friends, his rivals, and his patients. The Protest Psychosis: How Schizophrenia Became a Black Disease  by Jonathan Metzl: A powerful account of how cultural anxieties about race shaped American notions of mental illness. Expertly sifting through a vast array of cultural documents, Metzl shows how associations between schizophrenia and blackness emerged during the tumultuous decades of the 1960s and 1970s. Quinine: Malaria and the Quest for a Cure That Changed the World  by Fiammetta Rocco: The cure for malaria was quinine, an alkaloid made from the bitter red bark of the cinchona tree. From the quest of the Englishmen who smuggled cinchona seeds out of South America to the way in which quinine opened the door to Western imperial adventure in Asia, Africa, and beyond, and to malarias effects even today Rocco deftly chronicles the story of this historically ravenous disease. Rabid: A Cultural History of the Worlds Most Diabolical Virus  by Bill Wasik and Monica Murphy: In this critically acclaimed exploration, journalist Bill Wasik and veterinarian Monica Murphy chart four thousand years of the history, science, and cultural mythology of rabies from Greek myths to zombie flicks. Remaking the American Patient: How Madison Avenue and Modern Medicine Turned Patients into Consumers  by Nancy Tomes: In a work that spans the twentieth century, Tomes questions the popularand largely unexaminedidea that in order to get good health care, people must learn to shop for it. Reproducing Race: An Ethnography of Pregnancy as a Site of Racialization  by Khiara M. Bridges: An ethnography of pregnancy and birth at a large New York City public hospital, explores the role of race in the medical setting. *The Resurrectionist: A Novel  by Matthew Guinn: With exceptional storytelling pacing and skill, Guinn weaves together past and present to relate a Southern Gothic tale of shocking crimes and exquisite revenge. *The Resurrectionist: The Lost Work of Dr. Spencer Black  by E. B. Hudspeth: This novel offers two extraordinary books in one. The first is a fictional biography of Dr. Spencer Black, from a childhood spent exhuming corpses through his medical training, his travels with carnivals, and the mysterious disappearance at the end of his life. The second book is Black’s magnum opus: The Codex Extinct Animalia, a Gray’s Anatomy for mythological beastsâ€"dragons, centaurs, Pegasus, Cerberusâ€"all rendered in meticulously detailed anatomical illustrations. Science at the Borders: Immigrant Medical Inspection and the Shaping of the Modern Industrial Labor Force  by Amy Fairchild: Fairchild retells the immigrant story, offering a new interpretation of the medical exam and the role it played in the lives of the 25 million immigrants who entered the US. Scurvy: How a Surgeon, a Mariner, and a Gentlemen Solved the Greatest Medical Mystery of the Age of Sail by Stephen R. Bown: Brimming with tales of ships, sailors, and baffling bureaucracy, Scurvy is a rare mix of compelling history and classic adventure story. Sick from Freedom: African-American Illness and Suffering during the Civil War and Reconstruction  by Jim Downs: In this book,  Downs recovers the untold story of one of the bitterest ironies in American historythat the emancipation of the slaves, seen as one of the great turning points in U.S. history, had devastating consequences for innumerable freed people. The Sick Rose: Disease and the Art of Medical Illustration  by Richard Barnett: In the era before color-photography, accurate images were relied upon to teach students and aid diagnosis. The best examples, featured here, are remarkable pieces of art that attempted to elucidate the mysteries of the body, and the successive onset of each affliction. The Skull Collectors: Race, Science, and Americas Unburied Dead  by Ann Fabian: From cranial measurements and museum shelves to heads on stakes, bloody battlefields, and the rascally pleasure of grave robbing, Fabian paints a lively picture of scientific inquiry in service of an agenda of racial superiority, and of a society coming to grips with both the deadly implications of manifest destiny and the mass slaughter of the Civil War. The Slumbering Masses: Sleep, Medicine, and Modern American Life  by Matthew J. Wolf-Meyer: This book addresses the phenomenon of sleep and sleeplessness in the United States, tracing the influence of medicine and industrial capitalism on Americans’ sleeping habits since the nineteenth century. The Social Transformation of American Medicine: The Rise of a Sovereign Profession and the Making of a Vast Industry  by Paul Starr: Winner of the 1983 Pulitzer Prize and the Bancroft Prize in American History, this is a landmark history of how the entire American health care system of doctors, hospitals, health plans, and government programs has evolved over the last two centuries. Strangers At The Bedside: A History Of How Law And Bioethics Transformed Medical Decision Making  by David J. Rothman: Tracing the revolution that transformed the doctor-patient relationship, this book takes the reader into the laboratory and the examining room, tracing the development of new technologies and social attitudes. The Trial of the Assassin Guiteau: Psychiatry and the Law in the Gilded Age  by Charles Rosenberg: In this brilliant study, Charles Rosenberg uses the celebrated trial of Charles Guiteau, who assassinated President Garfield in 1881, to explore insanity and criminal responsibility in the Gilded Age. The Ugly Laws: Disability in Public  by Susan M. Schweik: In the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries, municipallaws targeting unsightly beggars sprang up in cities across America. Seeming to criminalize disability and thus offering a visceral example of discrimination, these “ugly laws” have become a sort of shorthand for oppression in disability studies, law, and the arts. This Way Madness Lies: The Asylum and Beyond  by Mike Jay: A compelling and evocatively illustrated exploration of the evolution of the asylum, and its role in society over the course of four centuries. Typhoid Mary: Captive to the Publics Health by Judith Walzer Leavitt: This book tells the remarkable story of Mary Mallonthe real Typhoid Mary. Combining social history with biography, historian Judith Leavitt re-creates early-twentieth-century New York City, a world of strict class divisions and prejudice against immigrants and women. Vaccinated: One Mans Quest to Defeat the Worlds Deadliest Diseases  by Paul Offit: Maurice Hilleman is the father of modern vaccines Offit’s rich and lively narrative details Hilleman’s research and experiences as the basis for a larger exploration of the development of vaccines, covering two hundred years of medical history and traveling across the globe in the process. Wars Waste: Rehabilitation in World War I America by Beth Linker: Linker’s narrative moves from the professional development of orthopedic surgeons and physical therapists to the curative workshops, or hospital spaces where disabled soldiers learned how to repair automobiles as well as their own artificial limbs. The story culminates in the postwar establishment of the Veterans Administration, one of the greatest legacies to come out of the First World War. Yellow Fever and the South  by Margaret Humphreys: Humphreys explores the ways in which this tropical disease hampered commerce, frustrated the scientific community, and eventually galvanized local and federal authorities into forming public health boards. Did I forget a  book you love on the history of medicine? Tell me in the comments.

An Analysis Of Shitty First Drafts - 876 Words

Every day, all day we subconsciously breakdown our thoughts and process information to make a uniform decision in any given situation. Each person is different, so naturally the thought process will vary depending on the individual. The components that build an essay, create the â€Å"feel† of the essay so to speak. Those components are the thesis statement, transition sentences, and the structures or tone of the essay. In the essays, â€Å"Shitty First Drafts† by Anne Lamott and â€Å"How Not to Say the Wrong Thing† by Berry Goldman and Susan Silk, the authors describes effective ways to process and analyze a situation in the most compelling way possible. Regardless of the fact that the essays â€Å"Shitty First Drafts† and â€Å"How Not to Say the Wrong Thing†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦Although this is an effective way to explain the process, â€Å"Shitty First Drafts† uses a different styles of transition. When the first few words of each paragraph are singled out and analyzed, the reader can compare those words to the essay â€Å"How Not to Say the Wrong Thing† and see a distinct differences. For example, â€Å"draw a circle†, â€Å"here are the rules†, and â€Å"when you are†¦Ã¢â‚¬  are phrases that concede in the idea of the diagram drawn in the essay (Lamott, 337-40). There are a few obvious differences between analytical essays, but when they are examined side by side the correlations can be obvious. Both of the essays â€Å"Shitty First Drafts† and â€Å"How Not to Say the Wrong Thing†, start their essays by giving the readers background information about the subject at hand. The thesis statement of both of the essays may be hard for the reader to pin point. Although in â€Å"Shitty First Drafts† the thesis is a little easier to identity, the thesis still does not jump out (Lamott, 337-40). The difference between the two essays also varies in the conclusion. While â€Å"How Not to Say the Wrong Thing† has a short, almost nonexistent conclusion, â€Å"Shitty First Drafts† had a more thorough summarization of its main points. The reader knows that the end of the essay is near and it refreshes their mind of what the entirety of the essay is about.Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Anne Lamott s Shitty First Drafts Essa y1042 Words   |  5 PagesIn Anne Lamott’s essay, â€Å"Shitty First Drafts,† she explains her writing philosophy of just getting ideas down on paper and then editing them later. While some disagree with this method, such as George Dila in his critical response, â€Å"Rethinking the Shitty First Draft,† many writers employ this technique to not only better their writing, but to overcome obstacles in the writing process. Even the most successful of writers will say that they actually hate writing, Lamott even compares it to pullingRead MoreMy Personality And Voice : How Do I Think About My Writing?903 Words   |  4 PagesAssignment #1 It’s a typical October in Davis in the year of 2015, and you’re an eager, impatient first-year student enrolled in the writing program of university. You’ve been telling yourself that you must be a sponge and absorb whatever there is to learn, but so far you haven’t been satisfied with anything you have written. Your â€Å"Recycled† file is overflowing with false starts. One moment you feel defeated, the next, exhilarated. Every piece of writing matters too much, or too little. You’re inRead MoreCritical Thinking And Peer Collaboration Skills1021 Words   |  5 Pageswas successful. It is inevitable that developing my audience analysis, critical thinking and peer collaboration skills contributed to an improvement in the quality of my work. As the semester progressed, my pieces of work began reflecting the new understandings I gained. From my perspective, I feel that I have improved overall as a scholar, and I have achieved many of the course ’s goals that were set at the beginning of the semester. First off, after reviewing my work, I have come to realize thatRead MoreReflection On Self Evaluation / Reflections1612 Words   |  7 Pagesto the rough draft and not enough feedback is given before the essay receives a final grade. I personally believe that not everyone is a natural-born writer; but I do believe that everyone has the capability to become a decent writer. I honestly can say I have grown as a writer over the years. Since the semester has started I feel like I have accomplished a lot in my writings. As the semester comes to an end I find myself reflecting not only how I have improved as a writer the first semester butRead MoreGraduation Speech : My Writing1056 Words   |  5 Pagesthis turned out to be a really big problem because when I sat down to start writing, I could not think of anything to say and would get frustrated. I also struggled because my thoughts all felt so jumbled and I couldn’t figure out what to do. The first assignment in Writing 101 was to make a video essay over Robert Khayat’s book The Education of a Lifetime. Attached is my pre-writing outline for this essay (artifact 1). As you can see, it has very little structure. I did not even plan out what IRead MoreDear First Year Writing Assessment Committee1207 Words   |  5 PagesDecember 1, 2015 Dear First year Writing Assessment Committee, This is my portfolio for the course of English 1010 for the fall semester. At the beginning of this class, I was terribly shy about my writing. I could feel my heart beat every time I was writing around other people. All through high school, I hated to write. I even hated to write small paragraphs because I was scared of seeing red marks all over my paper. I hated red marks so bad that I even start not looking at my papers that got handedRead MoreMy Letter For My Application For College Essay1064 Words   |  5 PagesFor my rhetorical writing analysis I picked the essay I wrote for my Common Application for college, in my senior year of high school. Before writing it, our guidance counselors told you to pick a prompt that spoke to us. The prompt I picked (if I remember right) was to write about an event that changed your life forever. After thinking for a couple of day, I finally thought of what I was going to write about. In the beginning of writing, I had a hard time but if I had to write it again, I wouldn’tRead MoreIs Writing A Discourse Community?1241 Words   |  5 Pagesmake sure it didn’t have errors. The personal narrative essay was all coming from my thoughts and mind. Which meant I had to think and plan how I was going to write the essay. And reading to make sure I was on the correct path. And writing a shitty first draft is helpful like getting out all the information in the brain to the paper. Then keep reading and adding more information as conditioning the essay.It s a great way to start a essay. Journals where we were asked â€Å" how you feel about the paperRead MoreWriting Skills For College Students1457 Words   |  6 Pagesremember my elementary school teacher would constantly tell me to practice my writing. Lessons of decent writing has always been install in many students at a young age. Again, this can translate to future career opportunities, or any part-time job. The first thing numerous employers look at before meeti ng an individual is their resume. I know there are plenty of employers reject applicants based on poor writing skills on resumes. I have personally been rejected from job due to lack of proper grammar. Indeed

In many of his plays, Shakespeare demonstrates ideas of...

In many of his plays, Shakespeare demonstrates ideas of gender and racial stereotypes. Othello, a play in which characters are judged based on sex and appearance, is an example of these stereotypes. Othello’s non-white ethnic background provides a platform for racial conflict. The characters of Desdemona and Emilia allow for sexism and gender conflict. These themes of Othello are closely related because of the similar prejudice and stereotypes. The sexism and racism in Othello allow for racist tones and ethnic conflicts. Women play an important role in Othello. The chastity of a woman is valued, and Desdemonas perceived adultery leads to the deaths of many characters. Iago’s hatred of women is shown throughout the play and could be part†¦show more content†¦Emilia does her husband’s bidding by taking the handkerchief that Othello gave Desdemona because Iago hath a hundred times wooed to steal it (3.3.308-309). After she gives him the handkerchief, she asks Iago why he wants it and threatens to take it back if it is not for some good purpose (3.3. 333.335). In the end, she betrays her husband by revealing his plot to destroy Othello’s life. In her conversation with Desdemona about adultery, Emilia informs her that she would commit adultery, â€Å"Nor I neither by this heavenly light; I might do t as well i the dark (4.3.68-69). Emilia shows her independence from her husband by admitting that she would commit adultery if the price were right. Her cynical attitude toward m en is shown as she says, They are all but stomachs, and we all but food; They eat us hungerly, and when they are full They belch us (3.4.106-108). She does not believe her marriage is based on love, rather she believes her husband sees her as a possession to be used as he pleases. The male characters of the play view women in varied ways. Cassio often admires Desdemona’s positive characteristics and states that she is perfection (2.3.25). Iagos attitude toward women is critical and negative. He tells Emilia that women are pictures out of doors, Bells in your parlors, wildcats in your kitchens, Saints in your injuries, devils being offended, Players in your huswifery, and huswives in your beds (2.1.111-114) meaning that women are objects atShow MoreRelatedEssay about Comparing Shakespeares Othello and Nelsons O2076 Words   |  9 PagesShakespeare’s Othello Tim Blake Nelson’s â€Å"O† each demonstrate the issues of their respective contexts through the chosen mediums of both composers. Shakespeare’s Othello uses the medium of theatre to present ideas such as jealousy, appearance versus reality and racism through a variety of literary techniques while also encompassing the conventions of a classic Shakespearean tragedy. These ideas remain universally relevant in Blake Nelson’s modern day adaptation â€Å"O† which parallels the ideas conveyedRead MoreUse of Imagery in Othello1555 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough his words. A great author can create the same imagery for centuries to come. The function of imagery in the mid-sixteenth century play Othello by William Shakespeare is to add characterization and eventually define meaning in the play. The antagonist Iago is defined through various images, some being the use of poison and sleeping aids, to show his true evil nature. Othello’s character is also shaped by imagery such as the black and white, animalistic, and horse images, which indicates his lustRead MoreIagos Ambitions in Shakespeares Othello Essay2107 Words   |  9 PagesIagos Ambitions in Shakespeares Othello ‘Hell and night must bring this monstrous birth to the world’s light’ (Act 1 sc. 3 L.385-6). This is said by the character Iago during a soliloquy at the end of Act 1 scene 3. This statement could take on many different meaning depending on how it is interpreted. I think that it means that whatever Iago has to do, he will tell everyone that Othello is an evil man. He thinks this because he believes that he has slept withRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pagesforeigners good? 10. Subjects a. Literature b. History c. Mathematics d. Universal language 11. Businesses a. Business morality b. Charities as businesses 12. Democracy a. Good vs. Bad 13. Social Issues (only stats provided) a. Gender b. Family c. Equality 14. Governance a. World Governance 15. Others a. Cooperation b. Education c. Crime d. Liberty or Security e. Consumerism 1. Media 1a. New vs. Traditional GENERAL Intro: †¢ The first quarter of 2043

Water Quality And Contamination Of Drinking Water

Water Quality and Contamination Introduction Body Paragraph #1 - Background: Humans use about 75 gallons of water a day for activities, such as cooking, cleaning, bathing, and laundry. Not only do we use water for our own well-being but we also use water to keep animals that we eat healthy and maintain vehicles that we drive on an everyday basis. Only three percent of the water on earth is suitable for drinking, where two percent of water is found only in glaciers and ice and one percent of the world’s water is accessible and drinkable. The majority of the human body is compromised of water. â€Å"An adequate supply of safe drinking water is one of the major prerequisites for a healthy life†¦(Fawell and Nieuwenhuijsen 2003) The quality of drinking water and possible associated health risks vary throughout the world with some regions showing, for example, high levels of arsenic, fluoride or contamination of drinking water by pathogens, whereas elsewhere these are very low and no problem.† Body Paragraph # 2 - Objective: The purpose of this experiment is to compare the effect of plant growth and biodiversity. I want to know the effect that water has on growth when it is contaminated, purified, or at its original state. With water being the major prerequisites to a healthy life I want to know what would happen to me or other species if I were to drink contaminated water or continue to drink the bottled purified water instead of drinking tap water. Body Paragraph # 3 -Show MoreRelatedDrinking Water Case Study1082 Words   |  5 Pageswere drinking water from which contained arsenic and E.coli at a level of 10 ppb and 1 cfu/100ml, respectively. The situation seems to be very concerning because in comparison with arsenic and E.coli contaminated water in HH, the percentage of HH respondents arsenic is much less than E.coli. The findings (percentages) are relatively higher than the findings in a past survey conducted in 2009 on the arsenic concentration, where in the HH level it was 23.1% [19]. Moreover, E. coli contamination in theRead MoreBangladesh Chemistry Case Study1075 Words   |  5 Pageswere drinking water from which contained arsenic and E.coli at a level of 10 ppb and 1 cfu/100ml, respectively. The situation seems to be very concerning because in comparison with arsenic and E.coli contaminated water in HH, the percentage of HH respondents arsenic is much less than E.coli. The findings (percentages) are r elatively higher than the findings in a past survey conducted in 2009 on the arsenic concentration, where in the HH level it was 23.1% [19]. Moreover, E. coli contamination in theRead MorePollution Is A Major Public Health Crisis1573 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Water, it is one of the most significant source to mankind and our planet. While it exists, so does everything else along. However, in today’s epidemic, there has been certain factors that have risen to awareness whether we can the water today is beneficial or not? In other words, the health risks against water contamination have risen in the past few decades; all from what you may ask? Well, it could be for various factors and perspectives; either environmental or materialistic. PollutionRead MoreWater Contamination And Its Effects On Poor Communities1126 Words   |  5 PagesWater contamination is presence of unwanted contaminant in the water. Water contamination can lead to pollution which is the adverse effect of excess of water contamination. As a result of water contamination, there can be health impacts, social and environmental impacts. Water contamination issues can be divided in to two categories based on the nature of contamination. They are ground water contamina tion and surface water contamination. Water contamination can be occurred as a result of unplannedRead MoreDrinking Water From Your Sink is Safer Than Bottled Water Essay1099 Words   |  5 PagesThe advertising of bottled water companies often implies that tap water is impure. Is your tap water safe to drink? Some people think that water straight from the faucet could contain chemicals that cause illness and even cancer, but it doesnt. Pesticides and other chemicals do not contaminate drinking water. The Safe Drinking Water Act was passed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to allow state governments to protect the public from water contamination by establishing limits forRead MoreGround Water Contamination and Household Response in Missouri 1502 Words   |  7 PagesThere are two sources of drinking water, surface water and ground water and they are each managed, monitored and regulated differently even though the actual water systems are interrelated and integrated. The state of Missouri has historically had plenty of high-quality fresh water sources; in the northern half of the state most of the drinking water comes from surface water while the majority of the southern population gets water from underground aquifers (Missouri Department of Natural ResourcesRead MoreQuestions On Drinking Water835 Words   |  4 PagesQuestions (FAQ) -What type of health issues can be related to water quality? The existence of some contaminants in the water can result in health problems, including gastrointestinal diseases, neurological disorders, and reproductive complications. Newborn children, youthful kids, pregnant ladies, the elderly, and immunocompromised people might be particularly in danger of developing illness as a consequence of drinking contaminated water. Certain contaminants need to be reduced to established standardsRead MoreWater Contamination Is Defined By The Safe Drinking Water Act ( Adwa )1693 Words   |  7 PagesWater contamination is defined by the Safe Drinking Water Act (ADWA) refers to the presence or rather the introduction of physical, chemical, biological or radiological substances or matter in water (EPA, 2016). Some drinking water may practically contain a given amount of contaminants that have been proven unsafe. However, it is quite difficult to determine the presence of the contaminants just by the sheer look unless proper techniques are employed. Meas ures should be implemented to control waterRead MoreWater Supply As A Critical Infrastructure1475 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the basic elements required to sustain life is water. Water is of extreme importance as the body cannot go without water for more than a few days. Therefore, the supply of water is a paramount concern amongst society. The availability of water is not the only concern. Another factor is the purity of the water supply. Imagine the catastrophic sequence of events if the water supply for a region were to be contaminated with Ebola or any plethora of deadly viruses. Following such a tragedyRead MoreThe Prevention of Water Contamination: Mission Impossible?1503 Words   |  7 PagesWater is one of the most vital components of human life. It is a necessity, a precious resource that humans need to live, that is taken for granted every day. There is no possible way for life to be sustained on Earth without water – it just cannot happen. The human body i tself is composed of almost eighty percent water: almost 95 percent of the human brain is water. It is common knowledge that pure water is the best water – for humans, and for plants and animals. Regardless of this piece of knowledge

Egyptian Civilization Architecture †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Egyptian Civilization Architecture. Answer: Introduction: Modern architectural building design traces its roots from the historical classic designs which dominated the 19th century. There are many buildings dating back as early as 1900 that have greatly shaped and influenced the modern architecture. These buildings, however, trace their origins to the ancient buildings. Notably, the Great Pyramid of Egypt is among the Seven Wonders of the World and exemplifies the rich architectural history of Egypt. These designs have been used globally to establish other iconic structures, although with totally different construction materials Management. The sections hereinafter will look into one of these historical classic building designs which apparently have greatly contributed to the development of the state-of-the-art establishments. Notably, the great Pyramids of Egypt not only reveal the deep cultural history of the country but offers a hallmark of architectural excellence; there are a dozen architectural buildings which have greatly borrowed th e pyramid style of building. What is the origin of these Great pyramids? The great pyramids of Egypt were built during the reigns of Pharaohs. But, today they still occupy a central place in the world of architecture. According to Visual arts (2017) the marvelous structures were tombs for the Pharaoh where they could mainly be laid to rest once they passed on. Therefore, the Egyptians architects painstakingly worked on the designs to deliver great architectural blueprints. There are about 150 pyramids so far identified (Visual arts, 2017). Notably, the commonly known pyramids, according to Visual Arts (2017) include: the Pyramid of Giza, Khufu, khafre and Menkaure. Interestingly, the pyramids grew smaller after every successive regime, possibly, their cultural and political stature declined. According to Puru Biyasa (2010), a single pyramid was composed of about 2.3 million limestones, with total dead weight of about 100000 pounds. How the weight of the structure was carried by the corner stones and pillars is still a mystery given that the weight bearin g elements such as reinforced concrete had not found its dominance. Additionally, Egyptians Architects must have applied the principles of Mathematics to arrive at precise design. The corners of the structure are perfectly symmetrical with the angles uniformly maintained. The interior of the structure has airshafts to bring in fresh air, perhaps evidence that these buildings did not just serve as tombs for the Pharaoh but served as spiritual centers in Egypt. There are a dozen theories developed to explain how and why the building was established. It is widely believed that the construction work was carried by the slaves who would use logs to roll the construction materials such as limestones from the mines to the construction site. However, most modern architects attribute the rich architectural history possessed by these structures. There are several architectural principles which have been borrowed from the Egyptian ancient architecture. Some of them include: The smooth exteriors The smooth exterior of the structure was built of fine limestone quarried from the side of river Nile (Saylor, 2013). This offered an aesthetic taste to the structure. Besides, the architects designed the building with royal attitude. Symmetrical balance The three sides of the pyramid were all oriented in the north-south and east-west to attain a symmetrical balance Management. The surfaces were painstakingly trimmed to allow the blocks fit together. Besides, the casing stones were rightly sized to maintain the balance. The stepped design Earlier in the development of these pyramids, the stepped design dominated Egypts architectural space until later on when the ramp design was integrated probably to make it easier for one to climb to the top. It is widely believed that the Pyramids assumed the shape such that the apex was greatly triangulated, mainly, spiritually to symbolize Pharaohs closeness to gods. The locally available construction materials Sun baked mud-bricks would sometimes be used to make the ramps as it could cheaply be made and therefore lowering construction costs. The interiors of the pyramid were made of smoothly curved stones, preferably limestone. The location of the pyramid This was among the most important decisions. It should be noted that Egyptians were strict observers of religion hence position played a key role in the establishment of the structure. Notably, it was mainly located in the western horizon where the sun would set in, culturally to symbolize the end of dynasty of individual Pharaoh. Construction methodology of the Pyramid is still a mystery to many people. However, great attempts by the Theorists have been made to provide a concise explanation on how they were built. The construction stones were mined from the quarry and transported via River Nile to the site. The stones would then be carved to perfect smoothness and work of laying them would begin. Now, in the interior design, the structure was composed of several chambers. The Queens chamber was the smallest and centrally located. Earlier designs would have the inner core made of pure limestone with refined look. Additionally, there were a number of interior shafts which would lie in the vertical fashion. The cornerstones had a ball and socket design. The rectangular ramps which inclined around the building were mainly made of sun-baked mud mainly due to its affordability. The sides slightly are caved in a bow-like fashion (Crystalinks, 2012). Notably, the advancement of these construction techniques took time before they could be made perfect, perhaps centuries (Saylor, 2013). Therefore, Egypts pyramid structures are well known architectural classics. Their presence today reminds us of the powerful Egypt of those days. The following architectural buildings have greatly borrowed from the design of the great pyramid: From the iconic buildings illustrated above, it can be seen how crucial role the ancient Egyptian pyramids have played in the development of modern architecture. In figure 1, the Ramos pyramid house conspicuously sits in front of the storey building as illustrated. The structure is supported by steel frames. Its outstanding faade provides great scenery for tourism. The great pyramid design has also found its way into the commercial complex design. With refined outlook, the great architectural masterpiece provides a natural attraction hence contributing to the field of tourism. Furthermore, there are a number of buildings globally which have greatly been influenced by the Great Pyramid architecture. Typical buildings include: Luxor Hotel in Las Vegas (Brezajul, 2014). The building conjures up the memories of the ancient Egypt and the powerful dynasties of Pharaohs. Importantly, therefore, the pyramids have influenced the patterns used by most architects to craft different kinds of buildings. In Paris France, for example, there are a number of shopping centers and even cemeteries which have emulated the design of the pyramids. Notably, the presence of the ancient structure is a bold statement of testament of the great mathematical and architectural skill prowess possessed by Egyptians. It is believed that the Roman Empire greatly borrowed some of the architectural and engineering principles of Egypt. Therefore, Egypt was among the places where early civilization originated. They could draw their architectural plans on leaves with every detail of the building included. Admittedly, the modern architects are marveled with the great precision exhibited by the ancient Egyptian architects. According to Transmissions Media (2012), the margin error was about 0.015% an achievement, given the circumstances at that time, must have been a daunting task but the architects were able to use their ingenuity and craft a very precise design. Notably, however, all these methodologies evolved and developed over many years. Conclusion The great pyramid of Egypt, as discussed above, still remains a great motivation to the modern architectural designs. The principles which were used in crafting the pyramids have over the years been borrowed by architects to craft iconic structures such as the ones illustrated above. Certainly, therefore, the pyramids exemplify the rich cultural and political history of Egyptians. The great Pyramids of Egypt are still among the worlds seven wonders Management. Many a tourists and scientist continue to flock these ancient structures to gain first hand understanding of the great architectural masterpiece. Therefore, the great pyramids, considering the number of architectural works scattered all over the globe that it has influenced, it can safely be regarded as a design classic building. The structure has defied many years to remain one of the worlds most iconic ancient structures. References CMH. Egyptian Civilization Architecture. (2011).Accessed April 26th 2017. Url: https://www.museedelhistoire.ca/cmc/exhibitions/civil/egypt/egca04e.shtml Visual Arts.Ancient Egyptian Pyramids. (2017). Acessed 27/04/2017. url: https://www.visual-arts-cork.com/ancient-art/egyptian-pyramids-architecture.htm Saylor. Architecture and the Pyramids of Giza. (2013). url: https://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/ARTH110-3.2-ArchitectureandthePyramidsofGiza.pdf Hinton James.Modern Pyramids that Show Timeless Geometry is Here to Stay. (2015). url: https://www.archdaily.com/588430/6-modern-pyramids-that-show-timeless-geometry-is-here-to-stay Josie W.Most Mathematically Interesting Buildings in the World.(2014). url: https://blog.tripbase.com/9-most-mathematically-interesting-buildings-in-the-world/ Julie Bort. Amazing Google SketchUp Buildings: Network World. (2009). url: https://www.pcworld.com/article/181723/Google_Earth_10_Amazing_Google_SketchUp_Buildings.html Crystalinks. Great Pyramid of Khufu. (2012). url https://www.crystalinks.com/greatpyramid.html Transmissions Media.The Inexplicable Precision in the Construction of The Great Pyramid at Giza. (2012). Joseph Puru Biyasa Steinmetz.The Great Pyramid: New Evidence and New Theories. (2010). url: https://www.ananda.org/clarity/2010/03/pyramid-giza-yuga-orion-haich/ Somala Muhammed .Engineering's Great Achievements: The Great Pyramid of Giza. (2017). url: https://www.engineergirl.org/GetThere/Contest/Winners/2602/2616.aspx Brezajul.Egyptian Influence on the World: Pyramids.(2014).url: https://anthropology.msu.edu/anp455-fs14/2014/09/18/egyptian-influence-on-the-world-pyramids/

Europe after the Fall of Rome Flashcard

Europe after the Fall of Rome

Earnings Management Essays

Earnings Management Essays Earnings Management Paper Earnings Management Paper At a basic level, it involves allocating the right inventory to the right customer at the right price. This is also known as yield management. In the Indian context application of revenue management can be seen In many fields: Travel and Tourism: * Advance purchase of tickets offered by airlines * Weekend discount by hotels Attack service by Indian Railways * Different tariffs charged by power generation and distribution companies * Software companies Revenue management has been named as the number one emerging business strategy by the Wall Street Journal. Application of management science models based on linear programming has Improved the contribution to profit for a major steel company (Data Steel) in India by $73 million in 1986-87 and given a cumulative Earnings Management It covers a wide variety of legitimate and illegitimate actions by management that affects the earnings of a company. It is strategy used by the management to deliberately manipulate the companys earnings in order to smooth earnings over two or more interim or accrual accounting periods or to achieve a designated earnings level to meet security analysts forecasts. Companies prefer to smooth earnings in contrast to having years of exceptionally good or bad earnings. It includes legitimate discretionary choices of when to enter into transactions that require accounting recognition, adding a product line, selling a division, decreasing expenditures. For example, implementation of a decision to enhance the entitys reedit and collection activities may legitimately support reducing the estimate of bad debt expense. Abusive earnings management is deemed by the Securities ; Exchange Commission to be a material and intentional misrepresentation of results. This is the case when the management circumvents GAP in an effort to influence reported earnings. Accounting records may be falsified, all the legal liabilities may not be reported, and fictitious transactions may be entered. In many cases, leadership is responsible for employing techniques to manage and smooth earnings. It should however, be noted that earnings management that constitutes read is distinctly different from earnings management perceived to reduce the quality of earnings. While the pure-fraud cases are to be dealt with through criminal law, issues such as earnings management are also to be dealt with through stringent provisions securities regulation and corporate governance norms. The current evidence indicates a greater incidence of the former type of cases rather than the latter, but beyond a point the distinction between the two gets somewhat blurred (as in Satyrs case) and hence caution must be exercised to prevent both types of occurrences. A major area of concern regarding practice of earnings management is the effect it has on destabilize the stock markets. Motives The major drivers which motivate the management to resort to techniques of earnings management may be discussed as follows: * Achieve targeted results * Emphasis on quarterly reporting * Analyst recommendations * High expectation of shareholders * Performance based pay and stock options * Pressure on Board of Directors and top management to showcase their leadership Instruments Some common techniques of revenue management are described below: * Vendor Financing Vendor financing occurs when a company loans money to a company to a customer to purchase goods from the company. The result is increase in sales revenue on the income statement and an increase in notes receivables on the Balance Sheet. The increase in revenues improves earnings and the related ratios that have operating Income Ana net Income In ten computation. I nee technique Is common to some industries such as telecommunications. For example, in early 2000, Motorola loaned more than $ 2 billion via vendor financing to Titles, a Turkish telecommunication company. Subsequent to the financing, Titles defaulted on the principal and interest payments, forcing Motorola to write off the receivable and recognize a loss. The concern here is that financial analysis and subsequent decisions made about a company based on the current period revenues and earnings are immediately distorted. * Booking a Sale before its time Another way of increasing revenues is to record sales in the accounting records before they are earned. One technique is stuffing the sales channel. Managers ship inventory to customers and recorded the corresponding revenues in spite of clauses f returning the goods without cause beyond year end. Another commonly used technique is to record the sale and leave the delivery date open for the customer. Not reducing sales for promised rebates is yet another instrument of revenue management. Revenue can also be increase by shipping and recording as a sale goods delivered on consignment. Companies in the service industry frequently resort to revenue management. Software support and maintenance contracts, engineering updates, equipment maintenance contracts, and other may call for a long term agreement between the service provider and customer. In order to increase revenues a service provider may record as revenue the entire or a substantial portion of the contract in the first year. Many internet retailers and advertising agencies use the gross method of recording revenues. Under the gross approach, revenues collected and the cost of the ticket are recorded separately, thus creating an appearance of high revenue business. Earnings are generally managed by selecting the amount and time period an expense is recorded on the income statement. Commonly used techniques may be describes as follows: * Cookie Jars This is a technique where managers selectively record or fail to record certain expenses on the income statement, using an offsetting Balance Sheet account (cookie jar) to absorb the impact on earnings. This technique is employed on one or more expense categories. Such as bad debt expense, inventory write downs, warranty expenses, sales return, depreciation and others. For example in periods of low earnings, the amount recorded as bad debt expense may be reduced and in periods of high earnings this amount may be increased. The cookie Jar, the allowance for doubtful accounts, simply floats up and down to accommodate the desired expense accrual. The company will rarely report the Justification for changes to the allowance account. This leaves open the allowance for a doubtful accounts cookie Jar for the executives to manage earnings. Non Recurring Charges and the Big Bath The use of non recurring charges is an extension of the cookie Jar concept. It is common for businesses to close plants, reposition operating units, reduce labor counts, outsource non core business functions, and more. The entire amount is recorded as an expense in the current period as a no recurring charge (also kn own as restructuring charge). A restructuring reserve account is established as a liability on the Balance Sheet to offset the actual cash payments for restructuring the business, which may occur over one or more subsequent accounting periods. Executives practicing earnings management underestimate these restructuring reserves to enhance current pergola earnings. A Log Damn occurs when overstated restructuring charges hit the income statement in the current year. Management uses the restructuring charge to establish a restructuring reserve cookie Jar on the Balance Sheet by overstating the current period restructuring expense, thus reducing earnings in excess for the current period. Off Balance Sheet Financing Off Balance Sheet financing is defined as debt obligations that are not recorded on the Balance Sheet. Although technically, they do not alter the earnings, they do affect they do affect the ratios that use debt in the numerator or denominator. Examples of off Balance Sheet financing include: * Operating Leases * Limited Partnerships Coin Ventures) * Pension Obligations * Receivables that have been factored (sold) Project Methodology Objective To identify the various factors affecting Revenue Earnings Management in the Indian IT Industry. Scope The scope of our study was the 85 listed Indian IT companies with data in the public domain for the last 5 years. Methodology The Discretionary accruals have been taken as a proxy of earnings management by a number of researchers. Discretionary accruals are calculated as the difference between total accruals and non discretionary accruals. Firms having high investments tend to report more discretionary accruals in their earnings. The nondiscriminatory component reflects business conditions (such as growth and the length of the operating cycle) that naturally create and destroy accruals, while the correctional component identifies management choices.

Global prespective Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Global prespective - Essay Example The country has been described as one of the most stable Middle Eastern economies with a relatively good security situation. Since the gulf war in which the country was involved, Qatar has been a peaceful haven for business activities in the area. The government plays a huge role in the determination of what businesses should or should not run. The government has in recent times executed heavy censorship in the liquor and food businesses to the point of being authoritarian where different liquor business have been closed and no explanation offered for the same. Other businesses have however run independently. The country has good bilateral relationships with the United States and there are many US companies operating in the area hence it will be easy to establish our operations. American workers and companies face a little discrimination in the country as the countrys leadership attempts to maintain a pious image elsewhere while projecting the west as corrupt. There are however, no i ncidences of extreme fundamentalism. Qatars economy is hugely oil-based. The country has huge oil reserves that are estimated to last at least another century. The country has attempted to diversify from petroleum although it still accounts for more than 50% of the countrys Gross Domestic Product. The country embraces the ideals of free trade with limitation to business enterprises that have a connection with the Sharia law. The country has an effective tertiary industry with easily accessible banking and insurance services. The Qatar Financial center affords financial institutions globally competitive services, capital support and no interest loans(Forbes, 2012). The country has a cheap and efficient road transport owing to the low prices of petroleum and word-class road network. Communication is as developed with good internet and telephone coverage. The country has a good number of local and international media

Has building a fence along the US Mexico border help fight illegal Term Paper

Has building a fence along the US Mexico border help fight illegal immigration - Term Paper Example Since centuries, immigration has remained one of the most important issues legally, as well as politically due to the division of globe into developed and developing countries that inclines huge waves of people to emigrate from one place to another for their brighter future. However, in this process, it has been an observation that besides emigrating legally, documented evidence has indicated numerous occasions when huge number of people has crossed borders illegally due to various reasons, which has resulted in the notion of illegal immigration. In particular, every country confronts the issue of illegal immigration; however, statistics have indicated that USA-Mexico border is the platform that witnesses highest number of illegal crossings of the border in comparison to other parts of the globe, which results in various adverse outcomes. For instance, experts have indicated that illegal immigration causes many unfavorable effects on USA, and although many individuals and families cr oss US-Mexico border with no intention of carrying out criminal activities and purely for their brighter future, still, their illegal crossing causes impact on economy and social order of the USA . Since many years, USA has been putting efforts to reduce and eliminate activities of the illegal immigration on the US-Mexico border, and that has been putting a huge burden on the US government’s spending, still, thousands of people cross this border annually.In the result, US Congress and immigration experts came up with the idea of building a high-tech fence along the US-Mexico border, which has already resulted in huge debate and the idea has received mixed responses. The basic plan is to build â€Å"a 2,000-mile fence along the US-Mexico border and this has been the proposal of Duncan Hunter, the Chairman of the House Armed Services Committee†3. In order to understand whether this fence will be helpful in fighting illegal immigration, it is very imperative to understand what it will look like. In this regard, reports have indicated that it will be a combination of â€Å"barbed wire, powerful wire fences, high-technological sensors, and a path for border patrol veh icles, CCTV cameras, and movement detectors†4. As of the year 2010, the US government was successful in building approximately 640 miles of this 2,000-miles fence, and the construction is still in process. Building of such a high-tech complicated wall/fence seems very effective in curbing illegal immigration; however, this is not as simple as it looks, and various factors play a crucial role that will allow us to understand the different effects of US-Mexico border fence. In brief, analysis has shown that construction of this fence has resulted in significant reduction in the rate of illegal immigrants. For instance, San Diego was first location for construction of pilot project of this fence, and it was a 14-mile fence in the California district5. Reports indicate that the project showed successful results as the number of illegal immigrants dropped from â€Å"202,000 in the year 1992 to only nine thousand in the year 2004†6 that indicates the effective outcomes of thi s fence. On the other hand, experts have indicated that although location of the fences has reduced the activities of illegal immigration; however, locations at the end of fence has become a platform for individuals and cartels to carry out the activities of illegal immigration in more organized manner that has been a new problem due to this fence. Furthermore, in order to respond to this construction of fence, there seem two major arguments. Firstly, it has been an understanding that although the fences have been successful in restricting the illegal immigrants; however, the construction of fence has caused uneasiness and apprehension on both sides of

Pectin Reduces Blood Cholesterol Level

Pectin Reduces Blood Cholesterol Level Xinhao DAI Introduction Pectin is a complex polysaccharide present in plant cell walls, commonly presents in fruits and vegetables, commercially extracted from pulp waster during fruits juice processing. Pectin can be used as gelling agent in jams, marmalades and reduced sugar versions. It creates thickened textures and a homogenous distribution of fruit pieces. The consumption of pectin by human influences transit rate, nutrient absorption rate, and cholesterol absorption and secretion, so pectin is an important dietary fiber. However, the clinical use of pectin is very rarely mentioned (F Brouns, 2012). The degree of esterification (DE) demonstrates the methyl esters in pectin chains. The pectin with DE>50% are high-methoxyl and forms viscous gels in the stomach at pH 2.2-3.5 (Ralet et al., 1994; Sila et al., 2009); the pectin with DE60%) at low pH; low-methoxyl pectin forms gels with divalent cations (notably Ca 2+) at pH 2.5-6 (sugar addition not required) (Thibault and Ralet, 2008). Cholesterol is an important biological molecule, which function as component of cell membrane structure as well as a precursor for the synthesis of the steroid hormones and bile acids. High concentration of cholesterol in human blood is related with coronary vascular disease, atherosis, stroke and many other diseases. European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (ESFA, 2010) has published the cholesterol lowing effects of of pectin on glycemia. In general, processing factors like DE, MW, and pectin source (e.g. citrus or apple) may affect the efficacy of pectin (Baker, 1997; Duvetter et al., 2009). Cholesterol lowering in animals Pectin has been reported being able to lower the cholesterol level of blood and liver in various animals, including guinea pigs (Gorinstein et al., 2005), rats (Krzysik et al., 2011), hamsters (Terpstra et al., 2002), chickens (Craig et al., 2006) and rabbits (Ismail et al., 1999). The effect of lowing cholesterol level by nine types of pectin with different molecular composition on 486 male broilers was studies, their serum cholesterol lowing efficacy was ranked as: citrus pectin DE-70 1⠁„4 apple pectin DE-74apple pectin DE-354citrus pectin DE-04low-MW pectin4citrus pectin DE-354cellulose (Craig et al., 2006). The mechanisms of cholesterol lowering in animals mostly are increasing fecal bile acid excretion, reduced plasma triacylglycerol, plasma total cholesterol, hepatic triacylglycerol, cholesterol synthesis and absorption, et al. Some of the mechanisms may be related with humans (F Brouns, 2012). The result of experiments feeding Wistar rats with semipurified diet with psyllium or pectin, cellulose or rice bran supported the hypothesis that the hypocholesterolemic effect of soluble fibers is functioning by increasing synthesis and therefore pool size of bile acids (Hugh B. Matheson, 1995). Another study showed that the hydrophobic amidated pectins significantly modify cholesterol homeostasis in rants and might provide insight of an effective hypochelosterolemic agent. However, the amidation of pectin might reduce its fermentability (M. MAROUNEK, 2007). Overall, pectin influence animal blood cholesterol by affecting cholesterol homeostasis. Cholesterol lowering in humans There are not many clinical studies of pectin cholesterol lowing compared with animal studies. Generally, each gram of pectin lowers LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) by 0.055mmol/L (Brown et al., 1999). A cause-and-effect relationship has been established with 6g pectin in ≠¥ 1 servings for maintenance of normal blood cholesterol concentration (ESFA, 2010). The table 1 summarized the most important studies of pectin lowering cholesterol level before 1988 (Kay Behall, 1986) (Cerda, 1988) Table 1. Pectin Lowering Cholesterol Level Studies Before 1988 A recent crossover study involves hyper-cholesterolemic persons receiving either 15g/day pectin (from citrus or apple, with different DE level) or cellulose with food for 4 weeks. The result showed that (F Brouns, 2012): For relative low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-C), the effect of citrus pectin and apple pectin are the same, while the pectin with higher level of DE level has better hypocholesterolemic effect. Orange pump fiber worked worse than citrus and apple pectin. The pectin with higher molecular weight works better than the pectin with low molecular weight. In the subsequent experiment providing 6g pectin/day for three weeks, citrus DE-70 and high MW pectin DE-70 reduced LDL-C 6-7% compared with control group. The viscous, gelatinizing citrus pectin alter bile acid enterohepatic circulation; enhance cholesterol excretion into stool (Martinez de Prado et al., 1981; Ide and Horii, 1989; Ide et al., 1990; Fernandez et al., 1994; Terpstra et al., 2002). High-viscosity pectin generally diminishes total cholesterol (TC) by 3-7% in humans. Pectin increases gut viscosity, then reduce the re-absorption of bile acids, increase synthesis of bile acids from cholesterol, thereby reduces circulating blood cholesterol (F Brouns, 2012). The high-viscosity pectin might also interfere with the formation of micelles and/or lower the diffusion rate of bile acid and cholesterol-containing micelles through the bolus, consequently reduce the uptake of cholesterol and bile acids. Many study suggested the favourable effect of pectin on lipids(B.R. Sharma, 2006). The source and type of pectin (degree of esterification and molecular weight) affect the effect of lowing cholesterol. In the study by Brouns et al., it is proven that increased DE and MW help promote the efficacy of lowering of human cholesterol level, and even a high dose of pectin with low DE and MW won’t have significant effect. The EFSA pectin cholesterol-lowering claim should require a minimum level of characterization, including DE and MW (F Brouns, 2012). Even though pectin cannot be directly absorbed by human, it can be fermented by the microorganisms in the large intestine and result in the formation of short chain fatty acid, which could be absorbed and metabolized in the colonic mucosa, liver or peripheral tissue (Kay, 1982). Effective doses Experiments indicate that the dose of pectin needed for different people to achieve the lowering of serum cholesterol level is not the same (Grant H. Palmer, June 1966). The intake of 15 grams of pectin per day for three weeks resulted in a mean 13% diminishment of plasma cholesterol levels. A dose of 40 to 50 grams of pectin per day significantly reduced the cholesterol level in both normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic subjects(B.R. Sharma, 2006). In addition with the claim of consume 6g/day pectin to achieve hypochelosterolemic effect, ESFA (2010) also suggest that the consumption of pectin with meals help reduce the blood glucose after meal and the effect can be achieved with at least 10g pectin per meal ((EFSA), 2011). The hypocholesterolemic effect of pectin combined with apple polyphenols has also been reported (EVA N. JENSEN and DRAGSTED, 2009). There might be taste concerns and potential gastrointestinal disturbance if more than 6g pectin/day was ingested (F Brouns, 2012). At least 6 grams of pectin are supposed to be consumed to achieve hypochelesterolemic effect, and this amount is correspond to 7~8 medium-sized apples (EVA N. JENSEN and DRAGSTED, 2009). Some critique suggested that most of the cholesterol lowering effect of pectin is showed in a cholesterol rich, atherogenic diet (A.H.M. Terpstra, 2002). The effect of cholesterol lowing efficiency in regular diet remained quite questionable. Conclusion Viscous pectin can reduce the cholesterol level of animals and human by increasing synthesis and excretion of bile acid and reducing re-absorption of cholesterol. The hypochelosterolemic effect of pectin depends on the dose of pectin, diet composition, and source and physical and chemical property of pectin itself (including viscosity, molecular weight, and degrees of esterification). The effective daily intake of pectin is at least 6g/per according to EFSA, however a minimum level of characterization should be required to achieve the result.

WTO Dispute Settlement Understanding: Case Studies Essay -- World Trade

WTO Dispute Settlement Understanding: Case Studies The World Trade Organization implemented the Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU) as a means for member countries to settle trade disputes in an orderly process. The process involves an alleged injured country (complainant) filing a request for consultations with the alleged injuring party (respondent). If the consultations do not result in a mutually acceptable outcome, the complainant may request a Panel to hear the case and provide recommendations in accordance with GATT other WTO agreements. If either party disputes the outcome, they may appeal to the Appellate Body (AB), which may uphold or overturn the panel’s decision. Compliance with the recommendations is not compulsory however if a country does not conform to recommendations, the other party may request and impose sanctions on the other party if they are granted (Trebilock, Howe, & Eliason, 2013). Following are summaries of three cases presented before the Dispute Settlement Body. Japan — Measures Affecting the Importation of Apples On March 1, 2002, the United States (US) filed a request for consultations with Japan concerning their Sanitary Phytosanitary (SPS) regulations. At issue was Japans policy of restricting importation of apples from the US to prevent against fire blight bacterium. Since 1994, Japan had required triannual inspection of US apple orchards for fire blight, and banned importation from any orchard showing sign of the blight within a 500-meter perimeter of the orchard. It further required the sanitization of harvested apples with chlorine. The US argued Japan's measures appear to be inconsistent with the obligations of Japan under Article XI of GATT 1994, Articles 2.2, 2.3, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5... ...pan - Measures affecting the importation of apples - Report of the panel. Retrieved from World Trade Organization: https://docs.wto.org/dol2fe/Pages/FE_Search/FE_S_S009-DP.aspx?language=E&CatalogueIdList=14714&CurrentCatalogueIdIndex=0&FullTextSearch= Summary. (2010, February 24). Summary of the dispute to date. Retrieved from World Trade Organization: http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/cases_e/ds245_e.htm Trebilock, M., Howe, R., & Eliason, A. (2013). The Regulation of International Trade. New York, NY: Routledge. WT/DS243/8. (2003, July 21). United States - Rules of Origin for Textiles and Apparel Products - Panel Report - Action by the Dispute Settlement Body. Retrieved from World Trade Organization: https://docs.wto.org/dol2fe/Pages/FE_Search/FE_S_S006.aspx?Query=(@Symbol=%20wt/ds243/*)&Language=ENGLISH&Context=FomerScriptedSearch&languageUIChanged=true#

Evaluate factors that influenced the effectiveness of each interaction Essay

In this piece of coursework I will be analysing and evaluating the factors that influence the effectiveness of each interaction in relation to the one to one set at a GP’s for a patient that has really bad back pains and is complaining about how sharp the pain is. I based the one to one interaction on a patient with back problems and they’ve come to the GP’s for something to be given to them. I thought of this because it’s something I went through and I thought it would be nice to let people know what process I went through and how hard it was. The first factor, I thought that influenced the one to one interaction was the patient and doctor taking turns while talking and not interrupting. Turn taking is a major factor that involves our everyday lifestyle and it’s helpful because you know you will get a turn at having your own say. Turn taking helps out a lot especially if you are with younger children or at a GP. For example, the patient came to her doctor and she told her doctor what was wrong with her and how much she’s in pain, the doctor listened to her while she was talking and didn’t ask questions until she finished talking then, the doctor answered all her questions and asked her own questions trying to figure out what was wrong about that patient and what actions will need to be taken for the patient to feel better. Towards the end the doctor referred the patient to her local hospital for an x-ray to see what’s going on. What’s good about turn taking is that everyone listens to each other and you don’t get interrupted also you know you’ll have enough time to talk while others have a chance to think about questions to ask you. The second factor I realised that influenced the one to one interaction was listening. Listening is letting people talk and you concentrating on just what they are saying, listening is a very important communication skill because if you don’t listen you may misunderstand something which may leads you to thinking differently and feeling insecure. Read more: Describe factors which may influence children’s development essay Listening was one factor that influenced the one to one interaction because if one of us didn’t listen while the other person was talking we may have not heard what they were saying or concentrated enough to understand what they were saying which can lead to giving wrong answers which could be a problem to the persons health that’s why when others are talking you always have to listen. For example, in the one to one interaction Emily was my partner and she helped me concentrate listening to  her because little things distract me easily so I had to make sure I listened to her also, we had our script which was used as a prop if we missed out something we carried on listening to each other while looking at what was said to not give the wrong answer. We listened to each other because we knew how important listening is and we were successful at getting through the one to one interaction without not knowing what was going on because we listened to each other. The third factor that also had an influence on the one to one interaction was respect towards each other. Respecting each other shows you give them pride and you are happy about what they are saying or doing also, respect comes from learning to care about people from older ages because we have to respect people to get along with life if we don’t respect then there could be consequences. Respect is very important because we all have to respect everyone no matter what their race, gender, age or features are we have to because we live in a society that moves with respect. For example, if we didn’t respect the army that looks after the country for losing their lives to make the world a much happier place and for us to be safe then that will be a major consequence because what’s the point of those people dying for us if we can’t have a little respect for them. The reason why I thought respect had a influence in the one to one interaction was because if we didnà ¢â‚¬â„¢t respect each other we wouldn’t have been able to understand each other and we wouldn’t have been able to do the doctor and patient script because a doctor always has to respect their patients no matter what happens they have to so does the patient too. An example of this would be, when the patient walked into the room I felt the respect from the patient by the way they answered me and facial expressions. This had a big impact on the interaction because it made it less awkward to talk with the patient and not only was the patient comfortable with asking questions to do with her illness but as a doctor being able to have enough respect from a patient to ask them what areas of the back hurts and being able to have a look at the patients back to check what’s wrong. The last factor that had an influence on the interaction was how professional I was. Being professional can be difficult because if you’ve always been in an environment that’s unprofessional and you don’t know where to use what language that can be an issue. So being professional was key in this interaction because I was a person that had a reputation,  that had power to help people and look after them. If I didn’t act professional the patient could have not taken me serious but I did. The reason why being professional was an influence in the interaction because I realised the more professional you are no matter where you are you will always be looked up to and that’s why I thought it was an influence because it made the patient feel secure with me, it made the patient understand no matter what happens I will always be supporting the patient which would make both of us happy. For example, the minute the patient knocked on the door I dropped everything I was doing and stood up and shock the hand then I made the patient feel welcomed and asked how they were then they started explaining what the problem was and the actions I was doing showed I was professional.